| File/Directory |
| ls | List Files |
| cp | Copy Files |
| mv | Move/Rename Files |
| rm | Remove Files |
| ln | Link Files |
| cd | Change Directory |
| pwd | Print Current Directory Path |
| mkdir | Make Directory |
| rmdir | Remove Directory |
| |
| File Viewers/ Pagers |
| cat | View Files |
| less | Page Through Files |
| head | View File Beginning |
| tail | View File Ending |
| nl | Number Lines |
| od | View Binary Data |
| xxd | View Binary Data |
| gv | View Postscript/PDF Files |
| xdvi | View TeX DVI Files |
| |
| File Creation And Editing |
| emacs | Text Processor |
| vi | Text Processor |
| umask | Set Default File Protections |
| soffice | Edit Word/Excel/Power Point Documents |
| abiword | Edit Word Documents |
| gnumeric | Edit Excel Documents |
| |
| File Properties |
| stat | Display File Attributes |
| wc | Count Bytes/Words/Lines |
| du | Measure Disk Usage |
| file | Identify File Types |
| touch | Change File Timestamps |
| chown | Change File Owner |
| chgrp | Change File Group |
| chmod | Change File Protections |
| chattr | Change Advanced File Attributes |
| lsattr | List Advanced File Attributes |
| |
| File Location |
| find | Locate Files |
| slocate | Locate Files Via Index |
| which | Locate Commands |
| whereis | Locate Standard Files |
| |
| File Text Manipulation |
| grep | Search Text For Matching Lines |
| cut | Extract Columns |
| paste | Append Columns |
| tr | Translate Characters |
| sort | Sort Lines |
| uniq | Locate Identical Lines |
| tee | Copy Stdin To A File And Stdout Simultaneously |
| |
| File Compression |
| gzip | Gnu Zip |
| compress | Compression Unix Style |
| bzip2 | Compression |
| zip | Windows/Dos Style |
| |
| File Comparison |
| diff | Compare Files Line By Line |
| comm | Compare Sorted Files |
| cmp | Compare Files Byte By Byte |
| md5sum | Compute Checksums |
| |
| Disks And Filesystems |
| df | Show Free Disk Space |
| mount | Make A Disk Accessible |
| fsck | Check A Disk For Errors |
| sync | Flush Disk Caches |
| |
| Backups And Remote Storage |
| mt | Control A Tape Drive |
| dump | Back Up A Disk |
| restore | Restore A Dump |
| tar | Read And Write Tape Archives |
| cdrecord | Burn A CD |
| rsync | Mirror A Set Of Files |
| |
| Printing |
| lpr | Print Files |
| lpq | View Print Queue |
| lprm | Remove Print Jobs |
| |
| Spelling Operations |
| look | Look Up Spelling |
| aspell | Check Spelling Interactively |
| spell | Check Spelling In Batch |
| |
| Processes |
| ps | List All Processes |
| w | List Users' Processes |
| uptime | View The System Load And Up Time |
| top | Monitor Processes |
| xload | Monitor System Load |
| free | Display Free Memory |
| kill | Terminate Processes |
| nice | Set Process Priorities |
| renice | Change Process Priorities |
| |
| Scheduling Jobs |
| sleep | Wait For Some Time |
| watch | Run Programs At Set Intervals |
| at | Schedule A Job |
| crontab | Schedule Repeated Jobs |
| |
| Hosts |
| uname | Print System Information |
| hostname | Print System'S Hostname |
| ifconfig | Set/Display Network Information |
| host | Look Up DNS |
| whois | Look Up Domain Registrants |
| ping | Check If Host Is Reachable |
| traceroute | View Network Path To A Host |
| |
| Networking |
| ssh | Securely Log Into Remote Hosts |
| telnet | Log Into Remote Hosts |
| scp | Securely Copy Files Between Hosts |
| sftp | Securely Copy Files Between Hosts |
| ftp | Copy Files Between Hosts |
| evolution | GUI Email Client |
| mutt | Text-Based Email Client |
| mail | Minimal Email Client |
| mozilla | Web Browser |
| lynx | Text-Only Web Browser |
| wget | Retrieve Web Pages To Disk |
| slrn | Read Usenet News |
| gaim | Instant Messaging/IRC |
| talk | Linux/Unix Chat |
| write | Send Messages To A Terminal |
| mesg | Prohibit Talk/Write |
| |
| Audio And Video |
| grip | Play CDs And Rip MP3 |
| xmms | Play Audio Files |
| cdparanoia | Rip Audio |
| audacity | Edit Audio |
| xcdroast | Burn CDs |
